Northern United States

Northern United States, also sometimes the North, may refer to:

A particular grouping of states or regions of the United States of America. The United States Census Bureau divides some of the northernmost United States into the Midwest Region and the Northeast Region.^[1] The Census Bureau also includes states adjacent to the United States northern border with Canada within the West Region.^[1]

Especially when referred to as "the North," the phrase historically refers to the states that comprised the non-slaveholding Union states that remained loyal to the United States during the American Civil War,^[2] contrasting with the Confederate states that permitted slavery, all of which were located in the Southern United States and often referred to as "the South." A few of the states referred to as northern in the context of being part of the Union, such as California and Kansas, however, are not necessarily geographically northern.

References

Units	U.S. state · District of Columbia · Insular area · Minor Outlying Island · Maritime territory

Time zones	Hawaii-Aleutian · Alaska · Pacific · Mountain · Central · Eastern

Census	West (Pacific · Mountain) · Midwest (E N Central · W N Central) · Northeast (New England · Middle Atlantic) · South (S Atlantic · E S Central · W S Central)

Federal	X (AK–ID–OR–WA) · IX (AZ–CA–HI–NV) · VIII (CO–MT–ND–SD–UT–WY) · VII (IA–KS–MO–NE) · VI (AR–LA–NM–OK–TX) · V (Great Lakes) · IV (AL–FL–GA–KY–MS–NC–SC–TN) · III (DE–DC–MD–PA–VA–WV) · II (NY–NJ) · I (New England)

Judicial circuits	9^th (Pacific) · 10^th (W Central) · 5^th (TX–LA–MS) · 8^th (N Central) · 7^th (WI–IL–IN) · 6^th (MI–OH–KY–TN) · 11^th (AL–GA–FL) · 4^th (WV–VA–MD–NC–SC) · 3^rd (PA–NJ–DE) · 2^nd (NY–VT–CT) · 1^st (ME–MA–NH–RI)

Physical

Physiographic	Pacific Mountain · Intermontane Plateaus · Rocky Mountain · Superior Upland · Interior Plains · Interior Highlands · Appalachian · Atlantic Plain

Coastal	Arctic · West · Great Lakes · Gulf · East

Ac/cessions	13 Colonies · Louisiana Purchase · Gadsden Purchase · Texas Annexation · Oregon Treaty · Mexican Cession · Alaska Purchase · Newlands Resolution

Civil War	Theaters (Pacific · Western · Trans-Mississippi · Lower Seaboard · Eastern) · Union (Border states) · Confederacy (Old South · Dixie · Slave states)

Other